UTI

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) occur when bacteria enter the urinary system, typically affecting the bladder (cystitis), urethra (urethritis), or kidneys (pyelonephritis). They are more common in women due to their shorter urethra, which makes it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder.

Symptoms of UTIs

• Frequent urge to urinate
• Burning sensation while urinating
• Cloudy, dark, or strong-smelling urine
• Blood in urine
• Pelvic pain (in women)

Causes of UTIs

• Bacteria: The most common cause is Escherichia coli (E. coli), which normally lives in the intestines.
• Poor Hygiene: Wiping from back to front can introduce bacteria into the urethra.
• Sexual Activity: Increases the risk, especially in women.
• Urinary Retention: Holding in urine for too long can allow bacterial growth.
• Weakened Immune System: Conditions like diabetes increase susceptibility.

Risk Factors

• Kidney stones or urinary tract abnormalities
• Catheter use
• Menopause (due to hormonal changes)

Diagnosis

• Urinalysis: Checks for white blood cells, bacteria, and nitrites.
• Urine Culture: Identifies the specific bacteria causing the infection.
• Imaging (in recurrent cases): Ultrasound, CT scan, or cystoscopy.

Prevention

• Drink plenty of water.
• Urinate after sex.
• Wipe front to back.
• Avoid irritating feminine hygiene products.